Posts Tagged Writing
Why Writing is a Catalyst to Intellectual Development
Posted by Diane in How to Teach Homeschool Skill 2: THINKING on March 31st, 2008
Writing is a necessary component of the classical homeschool curriculum. Pulitzer prize-winning American author, Annie Dillard, is quoted as saying,
“I don’t know what I think
until I see myself write.”
Writing down your thought processes is a necessary step to a fuller understanding of the problem, issue, or idea. Simply listening to a news program, a sermon, or a lecture is not enough. Let’s consider a common scenario.
While you’re watching a news program with your husband, the telephone rings, and he leaves to go answer the call. When he returns, he asks you what he missed. You might be able to immediately reconstruct the basics of the story, but would you be able to accurately recount the details a week later? Now let’s assume that the next evening, you decided to take notes during the broadcast. I’ll bet if you compared your recap from both nights, you would clearly see the benefit of writing down your thoughts.
Why is writing a catalyst to intellectual development?
The process of writing:
- stimulates the mind of the homeschooler
- improves the memory of the homeschooler
- shapes critical thinking of the homeschooler
- enlarges understanding of the homeschooler
- provides a permanent record for the homeschooler
Writing Stimulates the Mind
You’ve probably heard that you’ll retain information more effectively if you give it to your brain by more than one method. When your homeschooler reads a book, she is gathering information and storing it using visual cues. When your daughter then narrates what she learned in the book, she is organizing and storing that information a second time using auditory cues. Finally, when she writes while she is reading or even after she has read a passage, she is storing that info using both touch and sight. This child has now engaged the same information three different ways, and she is very likely to have a better understanding than she would have if all she had done was read the chapter.
Writing Improves Memory
Not only does processing information using multiple methods improve understanding, but it also improves memory. Since the late ’60s, leading memory authorities have documented the fact that organizing information (into categories) makes the info more memorable thus more likely to be retained in long-term memory. Additionally, writing down your thought processes or ideas usually results in a mental picture of the outline, sketch, or notes so that when you need to recall the information, you can readily remember your written notes by calling up your internal “teleprompter.”
Writing Shapes Critical Thinking
In order to write some thought down on paper or to type the thought on the computer keyboard, we need to first organize the information. We are forced to reduce all the incoming data to determine the main problem and identify the solution. (See “Can a Critical Thinker also be Creative, Too?” for more detail on the questions that a critical thinker should ask.) Does your homeschooler have trouble with math word problems? My kids used to really struggle with them until I showed them how to circle the important facts in the problem then translate the words into a mathematical equation or formula. As they dissected the word problem, they were able to focus on what the problem was asking and come up with the correct solution.
Writing Enlarges Understanding
When we exclusively confine our learning to reading or hearing someone else’s interpretation, we miss out on greater understanding. When we choose to write down the facts and come to our own conclusions, we inevitably stumble upon concepts that we thought we understood but later realized that we did not really grasp the problem. So, we’ve got to dig a little deeper to clarify our own understanding. Meredith and I watch a DVD on biology, and as we each draw our own “branch” outlines of the lecture, we often pause the DVD to discuss concepts that we don’t understand.
Writing Provides a Permanent Record
As homeschoolers, we need to keep certain records in order to comply with the state. You also might want to keep a written record of your kids’ work in case they decide to homeschool their kids and need to refer back to their own home school work! At the end of the academic year, I ask the kids to pull their favorite examples from each area of study so that I can incorporate those writing samples in their portfolio or scrapbook.
I keep reading journals (three ring binders or spiral notebooks) for all of my own studies. It is especially rewarding to go back through my “Quiet Time” Scripture journals from over the years and see how I am growing in my understanding and relationship with Jesus. I also keep my history, literature, and science notebooks in case I ever want to go back and consult them. They are really a “history” of who I was at that place and time because they reflect those thoughts and questions that I found most important.
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Here’s a quick exercise for you and your homeschoolers. Select an article out of the newspaper. Have the oldest child read it and narrate the main points to the rest of the family. Appoint one family member to take notes of what the narrator said. Then have the oldest child read the article again, but this time have him or her write down thoughts before narrating. Have the secretary take notes again. Compare the two accounts of the article. Which account reflected a greater understanding of the topic? Now don’t you agree that regular writing should be incorporated into your homeschool curriculum?
Restrict The Focus of Writing With Prompts
Posted by Diane in How to Teach Homeschool Skill 3: SPEAKING on December 14th, 2007
How many times have you, as a home school mom, heard these plaintive words when you have given your child a writing or speech assignment?
“But, Mom, I don’t know what to write!”
Consider adding topical, thematic, and quote prompts to your home school writing toolbox to spark creative ideas and increase the frequency of writing and public speaking. Prompts are also beneficial in helping your homeschooler narrow the focus of the topic and organize thoughts before wasting time in undirected meandering. Don’t encourage writing or speaking just for the sake of checking off a “to-do” on your long list of objectives for the kids. You want to raise effective communicators, and prompts can give you control over the process.
Prompts restrict the focus of the broad topic
Even an excellent author needs to restrict the focus of the topic before beginning the writing process. G. A. Henty is a popular author among home schooling young men and is known especially for his historical fiction. Henty likes to write about major events in world history, but he purposefully narrows the focus of the event to a few significant events. For example in one our family favorites, The Young Carthaginian, Henty tackles the monumental military feat of General Hannibal when he led the troops of ancient Carthage across the Alps to engage the Romans. Extensive coverage of a 15 year military campaign would be impossible in a book of a few hundred pages, so Henty restricts the broad topic of Hannibal’s campaign to the first 3 battles of the Second Punic War: Trebia, Trasimene, and Cannae. In restricting his topic to these 3 victories he eliminated other topical possibilities. He could have focused on 3 major people of the engagement: Consul Gaius Flaminius Nepo, Dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus, and General Scipio Africanus. Or he could have restricted the topic to any number of other interesting facts: weapons, animals, and weather.
So, too, topical prompts help your child narrow the focus of the written or speaking assignment. Select a topic from the subjects currently being studied. As in the case of Henty, have your child select a broad topic from the history reading then brainstorm possible subtopics. Here’s an example: Connor is currently reading about the American Civil War. Unlike Hannibal’s war, this war only lasted 4 years; however, there is still a vast wealth of subtopics for consideration. Here are a few ideas for restriction of the topic:
- Battles: Bull Run, Shiloh, and Gettysburg
- Confederate Generals: Lee, Jackson, and Stuart
- Politicians: Polk, Lincoln, and Davis
- Political parties: Whigs, Republicans, and Democrats
He could restrict the writing to the economic conditions before, during, and after the war. He could narrow the focus to any number of subtopics on the Civil War!
Not only do topical prompts restrict the focus for history writing and speaking, but the broad topic can also be restricted for science and geography reading. If your child is studying the animal kingdom (broad topic), let them restrict the focus to mammals, insects, or microscopic life. Once the subtopic of mammals is chosen, the child can then further restrict to cats: tigers, lions, and pumas.
Restriction of topic in writing about their geography studies is equally helpful. Is your child currently mapping the Middle East? Restrict the broad topic to Jordan, Syria, and Israel. Further restrict to politics, topography, or culture. The possibilities are endless.
If you don’t want use a topical prompt from the assigned reading, choose a random prompt from BrainyQuote or Phillips’ Book of Great Thoughts & Funny Sayings.
Thematic prompts and quote prompts are just like topical prompts in that you start with a broad topic then restrict. Thematic prompts usually come from literature or history. Are you listening to the audio version of Treasure Island with your children? Assign the theme, “going on a quest,” and let the kids narrow the topic from there. They could discuss Jim Hawkins adventures in terms of the journey, the dangers, and the valuable treasure. Quote prompts are really just topics or themes rolled into a complete statement. Can you find a broad topic or theme in the following quote prompt?
“But friendship is precious, not only in the shade, but in the sunshine of life, and thanks to a benevolent arrangement the greater part of life is sunshine.” – Thomas Jefferson
When using a quote prompt, look for the nouns to determine broad topics or themes then restrict. In this example, the homeschooler could examine the broad topic of friendship and write about 3 friends in real life, literature, or history. Or an older teen might want to speak about theme of old age (the shade of life) and youth (the sunshine of life) with restrictions from his own personal observations, Scripture, or culture.
Prompts of all kinds, whether taken from assigned studies or randomly chosen, can spark ideas, increase the frequency of writing, and narrow the focus of the broad topic.
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Be an Expert at Organizing Impromptu Speeches and Essays
Posted by Diane in How to Teach Homeschool Skill 3: SPEAKING on November 8th, 2007
Composing a good impromptu speech in your home school takes some practice. Under most circumstances, you only have a little bit of time to think of what to say. Use this list of ideas to generate content for your impromptu speeches or high school SAT practice essays:
history
literature
Bible stories
current events
personal stories
movies
fairy tales
nature
hobbies
sports
In Andrew Pudewa‘s High School Essay Intensive, he teaches the student to know one piece of content REALLY well. For instance, if your son loves The Lord of the Rings Trilogy like my son does, have him pull from that one piece of literature or set of movies to structure the illustrations for his impromptu speech or SAT essay. If your daughter loves Jane Austen, have her pull her illustrations from Pride and Prejudice or Emma. A young man who is a baseball fanatic could use his knowledge of the sport through time on the recreational team, biographies of great players like Willie Mays, or the Major League Baseball World Series to inform his impromptu speech. Current events like immigration and health care reform can fuel the speech of a savvy, informed student.
The point is this: don’t try to pull illustrations from your entire knowledge base. You only have a short amount of time to organize your thoughts for the impromptu speech or the SAT essay, so use knowledge with which you are VERY familiar! To illustrate, let’s say 3 students were given the same topic, “bondage,” for the impromptu. The LOTR devotee could talk about how the ring represented bondage to several characters like Gollum, Aragorn, and Frodo. Jane Austen fans could discuss marriage as desirable bondage in both Emma and Pride and Prejudice. The baseball fan could get creative and talk about how MLB players are bound by a contract to the team until it expires and little league players are bound to follow certain rules of play.
Use the knowledge that you already have mastered in an area of interest like history, literature, sports, current events, or hobbies to make your homeschooling impromptu or SAT essay writing experience easier! Also, if you aren’t already using the TRIAC method for organizing your impromptu speech or essay, give it a shot.
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Want to read more teaching tips for effective written and oral communication? Read my post on using prompts in homeschool essays and speeches.
Have You Used TRIAC in Your Home School Writing Program?
Posted by Diane in How to Teach Homeschool Skill 3: SPEAKING on November 7th, 2007
Our home schooling philosophy is based on 24/7 learning, so it won’t surprise you to find that we use time in the car to learn! This weekend my family traveled to middle Tennessee for a family gathering in the Smokey Mountains. During the car trip down, David and I practiced impromptu speeches with a new technique called TRIAC that I learned last week from Andrew Pudewa. I’m used to preparing impromptu speeches from a 3 point mental outline (intro, 3 points, conclusion), but after a few rounds of impromptu with David (the kids declined our invitation to try it!), I’ve decided that I really like the TRIAC method better than the traditional method. Here’s what TRIAC stands for:
Topic
Restriction
Illustration
Analysis
Clincher
Ok, here’s how we “played” the impromptu game. I gave David a topic (birds), then he had 2 minutes to organize his thoughts using TRIAC. He thought my choice of topic was boring and wanted to talk about a more unconventional aspect of birds, so he restricted his topic to extinct birds. To illustrate, he chose 3 extinct birds (the carrier pigeon, the dodo, and the dinosaur); next he analyzed the reasons behind each bird’s extinction. Finally, he clinched the impromptu speech back to his “attention-getting” opening by rephrasing what he had said in the beginning.
As we played the game, we found that we that we gave a better impromptu speech if we started our organizing with the analysis step…we tried to decide on the meaning of our restricted topic first. This made the speech more purposeful. It was tough but a great exercise in organizing your thoughts without pen and paper. Later, I’m going to practice writing using TRIAC in my blog posts, and I’ll be assigning the kids a few essay prompts as part of their homeschooling…have you ever used this method? I’d love to hear your comments!
Key Word Outlines Conquer Your Kids’ Objections to Writing
Posted by Diane in How to Teach Homeschool Skill 3: SPEAKING on October 26th, 2007
Someone asked me what I like most about homeschool writing titan Andrew Pudewa‘s Institute for Excellence in Writing program for home school students. Here are my thoughts regarding the beginning DVD course, Teaching Writing with Structure and Style.
Key Word Outlines
Pudewa teaches a method where you take a passage of text and select the key words from the passage, narrate the passage back from the key word outline (without looking), then draft your own passage from the outline. For a one paragraph passage, you are allowed 3 key words for each sentence. So a 3 sentence paragraph on cats might look like this:
1. cats, animal, kingdom
2. tiger, puma, lion
3. feline, mammal, curious
It’s a great tool that solves the common dilemma of “I don’t know what to write.” Just read the text, select key words, organize them in an outline, and write.
Stylistic Techniques
He also teaches (over time) a brimming toolbox of stylistic techniques that, when added to the draft composition, provide flair and a polished final copy. For example, he teaches 6 different ways to open a sentence, 6 ways to dress up a sentence (ex. strong verb, quality adjective), and more. Once your son has mastered the basic key word outline and is writing his own rendition of the original text, he would then begin to add the stylistic dress ups.
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Those are just two of the features of Pudewa’s program that I have found helpful. He also teaches a GREAT persuasive essay model that moves your reader from their position to your position without immediately turning them off to the topic. If there is any drawback to the IEW option, however, it is the cost. His beginning course is very expensive (the teacher/student package is $229) although you will use it for several years as you continue to layer on more advanced techniques. It might be good to find a friend who wants to go in with you on the initial cost or share it in a co-op teaching environment. Additionally, you’ll probably want to buy future products down the road like the High School Essay Intensive. Anyway, I’m one of those homeschooling moms who’ve spent alot of money on products that didn’t work, but this is one that I can wholeheartedly say works. Hope this helps!



